![]() 9 proposed a device in which rigid printed circuit boards (PCBs) were replaced by serpentine interconnects and elastomer encapsulation to provide a flexible and stretchable circuit. 8 Also, additional physical fixation is required to minimize the gap between the accelerometer and the skin. Traditional commercial accelerometers can be installed on the human body for motion monitoring, but because of their rigidity, they are uncomfortable to wear and are easily affected by the inertial motion of the human body. For practical detection and recording of the tiny movements of the human body, a sensor must have not only a high sensitivity to such movements but also a sufficient degree of stretchability to ensure conformal contact and comfort in use. Sensitivity and stretchability are important technical specifications for wearable sensing devices that monitor human movements. While vaccines and drugs are being used to prevent and treat COVID-19 on a global scale, it is expected that wearable sensors will also be used to continuously monitor vital signs to enable self-diagnosis of early symptoms of COVID-19 infection. 4–6 These sensors have shown great potential in human–computer interaction and health monitoring applications. With the rapid development of stretchable electronic devices, recent studies have proposed various wearable human motion sensors that can be used in conformal contact with human skin for monitoring of activities. 3 Therefore, measurements of respiratory and heartbeat signals from the chest, not only in the hospital but also in home settings, may be of great significance for diagnosing and tracking COVID-19 infection. 2 Dyspnea is a subjective sensation, also known as shortness of breath, which may manifest as an increase in respiratory rate and heart rate. Typical early clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include dyspnea, fever, and fatigue. 1 COVID-19 is highly contagious, and infected patients show a wide range of symptoms, with some being completely asymptomatic but others dying from acute pneumonia. It has since spread rapidly throughout the world, with more than one hundred million reported cases, and is now a critical global public health threat. By detecting vital signals such as respiratory and heart rates, the proposed device can aid early diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19.Ĭases of COVID-19 emerged at the end of December 2019. ![]() The separate heart activity and respiratory signals are extracted from the mixed respiratory–cardiac signal by an empirical mode decomposition data processing algorithm. Chest vibrations are captured by the piezoelectric sensor, which produces an electrical output voltage signal conformally mapped with respiratory–cardiac activities. The effective modulus is 13.5 MPa, which allows the device to fit to the skin and detect the small strain exhibited by the human body. The thickness of the patterned PVDF flexible piezoelectric strain sensor is only 168 μm, and the voltage sensitivity reaches 0.97 mV/μ ɛ. A highly sensitive and stretchable piezoelectric strain sensor is fabricated using a piezoelectric film with a serpentine layout. In this paper, a novel piezoelectric strain sensor is presented for real-time monitoring of respiratory and heartbeat signals. A common symptom of COVID-19 is dyspnea, which may manifest as an increase in respiratory and heart rates. The demand for devices or systems to diagnose and track COVID-19 infections noninvasively not only in hospitals but also in home settings has led to increased interest in consumer-grade wearables. The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a pandemic.
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